Fall brings its share of transformations to our gardens, and conifers are no exception. Understanding these changes and adapting our care is essential to ensure their health and beauty throughout the winter.
Fall Transformations in Conifers
In the fall, conifers undergo several changes:
- Colour changes: Some varieties, like the larch, lose their needles after turning golden hues. Others, like certain cedars or junipers, may take on a bronze or purple tint. This is a natural phenomenon not to be confused with a sign of disease.
- Needle loss: It's normal for conifers to lose some of their older needles in the fall. As long as the loss remains moderate and new growth appears in the spring, there's no need to worry.
- Growth slowdown: With the drop in temperatures and daylight, the growth of conifers slows down considerably. This is a sign that they are preparing to enter dormancy, a state of rest that allows them to conserve their energy to face the cold.
Fall Planting: The Right Timing
Fall is an ideal time to plant conifers, as the soil is still warm and moist, promoting rooting before winter. Aim to plant at least 6 weeks before the first expected frost.
- When to stop: Stop planting as soon as the ground starts to freeze. Newly planted young conifers need time to establish themselves before the soil becomes too hard.
Fertilizing: A Fall Boost
Fertilize in late summer or early fall with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer specifically designed for conifers. Avoid fertilizing late in the fall, as this could stimulate new growth that is vulnerable to the cold.
- Type of fertilizer: Choose a slow-release fertilizer that will nourish your conifers gradually throughout the fall and winter. Avoid fertilizers high in nitrogen in the fall, as they could stimulate new growth that is vulnerable to frost.
Water Deeply
Even if the temperatures drop, conifers need regular watering, especially young plants and those newly planted.
- Water deeply until the soil is thoroughly moistened, especially before the frost. A good fall watering helps conifers withstand winter dryness.
- Reduce the frequency of watering as temperatures drop.
Pruning: Minimal Intervention
In general, conifers require little pruning. In the fall, limit yourself to removing dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Avoid severe pruning, as this could weaken the conifers before winter.
Winter Protection: A Shield Against the Elements
- Mulch: Apply a thick layer of organic mulch (bark, leaves, compost) around the base of the conifers to protect the roots from frost and retain moisture.
- Wind screens: In windy areas, install screens to protect conifers, especially young plants and sensitive species, from desiccation caused by cold, dry winds. Make sure the fabric is securely fastened but allows air to circulate.
- Burlap: Wrap c conifers, such as pyramidal cedars, with burlap to protect them from winter sun and drying winds.
