Annual bulbs, also called tender bulbs, cannot withstand the harshness of a Quebec winter. It is therefore essential to dig them up and store them indoors during the cold season. This crucial step guarantees their survival and a magnificent bloom the following year.
Which Bulbs to Bring In for the Fall?
Here are a few examples of tender bulbs that you must dig up and store for the winter:
- Rhizomes: Cannas
- Tubers: Begonias, Dahlias, Colocasias, Caladiums
- Corms: Gladioli, Freesias
- Bulbs: Calla Lilies, Oxalis, Daylilies
When to Bring in Annual Bulbs?
The ideal time to bring in your bulbs is in late fall, when nighttime temperatures are consistently approaching the freezing point. A good indicator is the yellowing of the leaves, which signals that growth is over and the bulbs are ready to enter dormancy. Don’t hesitate to wait for the first light frost, as this helps harden the bulbs.
How to Bring in and Store Your Bulbs?
Follow these steps to properly store your bulbs in the fall:
- Stop watering as soon as the leaves begin to yellow to allow the bulbs to dry gradually.
- Cut back the faded leaves to about 5 cm (2 inches) above the soil. This prevents the appearance of fungal diseases during storage.
- Carefully dig up the bulbs using a spade or a hand fork. Dig deep enough to lift them without causing damage.
- Clean off the dirt around the bulbs by gently shaking them. Brush them or use your fingers to remove all remaining soil. Do not wash them with water, as excess moisture can lead to rot.
- Let them dry in a dry and well-ventilated place for one to two weeks, away from direct sunlight. Complete drying is essential to prevent rot.
- Store them for the winter: The ideal location is cool, dark, and dry, with a temperature between 4 °C and 10 °C (40 °F and 50 °F). A basement is often perfect, as it offers stable conditions. Avoid unheated garages and sheds, as temperatures there will freeze and kill the bulbs. Use wooden crates, burlap sacks, or perforated cardboard boxes to ensure good ventilation. Avoid piling them up and check them regularly for any signs of mold.
How to Replant Bulbs in the Spring?
After overwintering, your bulbs will be ready to be replanted. Here are the steps to follow to ensure their success in the spring:
- Start the bulbs indoors: For an earlier bloom, you can plant your bulbs in pots indoors starting in early spring (March-April).
- Check the bulbs’ condition: Before planting, make sure they are firm and free of mold. Throw away any that are soft or rotten.
- Replant them outdoors: Transplant the bulbs or pots outdoors when all risk of frost has passed, generally after May 25th in Quebec.
- Plant at the right depth: The general rule is to plant the bulb at a depth of two to three times its height. Make sure the tip is pointing upwards.
Tips for Successful Storage and Replanting
- Label them clearly to facilitate their identification in the spring.
- Dust with fungicide powder: Some bulbs, like dahlias, can benefit from a light dusting of fungicide powder before storage to prevent diseases.
- Storing your bulbs in the fridge: If you lack cool storage space, consider keeping them in the vegetable crisper of your refrigerator, placing them in a perforated paper bag.
By following these tips, you will give your annual bulbs the best chance of survival during the winter and will be rewarded with a spectacular bloom when the warm weather returns. Remember that each variety may have specific needs, so don't hesitate to consult additional resources for more detailed information on storing your particular bulbs.
